Graphene oxide is a unique material derived from graphene, which is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphene oxide is produced by oxidizing graphene, resulting in the introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, epoxide, and carboxyl groups on the graphene surface. Graphene oxide has properties that are distinct from graphene, including high hydrophilicity, good solubility in water and organic solvents, and tunable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. These features have led to its use in a variety of applications, including in the fields of energy storage, sensors, drug delivery, and optoelectronics. Research on graphene oxide continues to explore its unique properties and potential applications, as well as methods for its synthesis, functionalization, and manipulation to enhance its properties for specific applications.